Why is there a difference in the total number of agreements and the number of agencies?

Both figures are meaningful, and they answer different questions. The agreement count describes the total scope of delegated immigration enforcement authority. The agency count describes how many distinct law enforcement bodies (or 'LEAs') are participating. Comparisons across sources frequently break down because one party is counting agreements and the other is counting agencies — when citing a figure from this report, please specify which one you mean.

How current is the data, and how often is it updated?

ICE publishes a new spreadsheet of active agreements roughly every day or two, but the schedule is inconsistent and ICE does not announce changes or offer update notifications. For this report, changes ICE's snapshot publishing process is captured and processed manually, typically within 24 hours of a detected change.

How are canceled agreements tracked?

ICE occasionally makes small edits to existing rows, like typo fixes and changes to agencies' name format. These small edits 'break' our composite matching logic, requiring additional analysis to identify substantive changes, like a canceled agreement. Tracking begins December 8, 2025. Anything removed earlier is not captured.

What counts as a '287(g)-related arrest'?

A 287(g)-related arrest is defined using union logic across three fields in ICE's administrative arrest data: Apprehension method = '287(g) program', Final program = '287G Program' OR '287g Task Force', or Operation = 'HQ Tracking of Processing done by 287(g) authorized State & Local LEAs'. This approach captures 29,500 arrests across 192 distinct values.

What does the arrest analysis actually show, and what does it not show?

The analysis shows that 287(g)-related arrests grew from 2.9% in January 2025 to 9.5% in January 2026, with a strong correlation (r = 0.86) between active agreements and arrest share. However, it does not show total ICE administrative arrests, does not prove causation, and coverage ends March 10, 2026.

Where does the grant and reimbursement payment data come from?

Two distinct funding streams are tracked: Federal reimbursements and incentives (estimated at $3 billion), and State grant programs ($75 million to $250 million across various states). Critically, ICE does not publish payment data. These figures represent a non-random convenience sample and represent a lower bound only. These figures must not be aggregated into a national total or used to compare states.

What is the 'UAC Safety Verification Initiative' incentive structure?

ICE offers cash incentives of up to $22,500 per case for unaccompanied child (UAC) safety verification work: $2,500 per case plus up to $20,000 for comprehensive verification activities. This structure is documented through a three-layer contract system: Memorandum of Agreement (public), Service Agreement (agency-specific, obtained through records requests), and Incentives attachment (marked 'Law Enforcement Sensitive', obtained through records requests).

What are the known limitations of the data?

Key limitations include: No historical archive (ICE publishes snapshots that replace prior versions entirely), fragile record matching (composite key breaks with silent upstream edits), cancelations undercount (tracking begins December 8, 2025), population gaps (some jurisdictions show as 'NOT FOUND'), payment data is opportunistic (a floor, not a total, with strong geographic bias), arrest data lags (coverage ends March 10, 2026), and upstream errors are common (ICE has historically over-counted its own totals).

How should I cite this report?

Please cite this report with the as-of date of the underlying snapshot, and specify whether you are citing agreements or agencies when referring to program totals. Suggested format: ICE 287(g) Program Tracker. https://www.tituslegaldesign.com/immigration-101/287g-program. The report is published under MIT License.

Explore

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Recommended resources for understanding the 287(g) program.

Article title, subtitle, and banner image (of an Oklahoma Highway Patrol officer looking into a car) for Marshall Project article titled "Inside the ‘Shadow Surge’ Driving ICE Arrests to New Heights" (published Sept 10, 2026)

https://www.themarshallproject.org/2026/09/10/ice-arrests-immigrants-local-police-287g

Inside the ‘Shadow Surge’ Driving ICE Arrests to New Heights

Flush with money and leery of bad publicity, ICE has banked on local police agencies to help ramp up immigration arrests.

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Are States and Localities Required to Cooperate with ICE?

State and local officials’ responsibility to aid in federal immigration enforcement is largely a matter of state and local law, despite the administration’s claims to the contrary.

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Agents of Chaos and Cruelty

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Deputized for Disaster

How President Trump's 287(g) deportation force is a powder keg for our communities

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Immigration Dragnet

The New Era of 287(g)

Immigrant Legal Resource Center

July 2025

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built by Dallin Overstreet (PoliMetrics) and Morgan Harman (Alt-30) as a companion to Overstreet's underlying academic paper.

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Screenshot of first page of "Immigration Detainers: An Overview" fact sheet pdf from the American Immigration Council (published May 2026)

Immigration Detainers Fact Sheet

"When federal immigration agents want to assume custody of a person held by local law enforcement, a request called an immigration detainer—sometimes referred to as an “immigration hold”—plays a key role in the exchange."

American Immigration Council

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Screenshot from Substack Video page showing Austin Kocher and Andrew Thrasher on separate video feeds in the middle of a conversation.

To the right of the video display is the running English transcript.

Below this reads the video title "Digging into ICE's messy 287(g) data w/ Andrew Thrasher" posted by Austin Kocher on February 27, 2026.

Digging Into ICE's Messy 287(g) Data

Austin Kocher (Associate Professor @ Syracuse University) and Andrew Thrasher walk through how ICE publishes its 287(g) program data, what is included (and what isn't), and what this all means for public accountability.

Substack Video

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Force Multiplier

How ICE is Promising Billions to Local Law Enforcement to Expand Its Reach in Dangerous Ways

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Explore the 287(g) Program

EXPLORE

The "UAC through line", from legal services to 287(g) bounty incentives.

287(g)-related arrest data.

Financial incentives for Task Force 287(g) agencies.

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