ICE 287(g) Program Tracker

Mapping ICE's law enforcement partnership program.

Screenshot of home page from "Active 287(g) Agreements" report published by Titus Consulting via Looker Studio (Google):
https://lookerstudio.google.com/reporting/ebe8be08-53be-4afc-9240-83ec3075e873

An interactive report visualizing the data behind ICE's 287(g) program, and its impact on communities across the U.S.

Interactive Report

For full-screen + mobile-friendly access/navigation, visit the full original report hosted on Google Data Studio

Report Sections + Highlights

Canceled Agreements

Visual overview of canceled 287(g) agreements, including a map of cancelations + breakdown by level of government, state, and program model.
Includes agreements removed from ICE's published list after December 8th, 2025.

County-Level Agency Participation

Filled-area map of U.S. counties with at least one active county-level 287(g) agreement.
Filled-area map of the 819 U.S. county-level jurisdictions currently participating in the 287(g) program with a county-level law enforcement agency as of June 18, 2026.

Local-Level Agency Participation

Bubble map of participating municipal agencies + jurisdiction population analysis.
Screenshot of report page showing municipal-level agreements by population: as a weighted bubble map based on pop; bar chart of active agreements by population bin; smallest/largest municipality tables with agency/jurisdiction population details.

Program Related Arrests

Analysis of '287(g)-related' arrests
Screenshot of program report page showing monthly 287(g)-related arrest data relative to overall growth in ICE arrest data from January 2025 to early March 2026.
ICE Arrest Data from October 01, 2022 to March 10, 2026 | Originally processed by Deportation Data Project.

About the Report

Understanding our interactive report and the data behind it.

The Data

Primary data source: ICE's 287(g) agreement list

The original data comes directly from ICE, which publishes an Excel spreadsheet of active 287(g) agreements every day or so (update schedule/frequency are not consistent).

ICE makes this data available through snapshot updates: a new version of the spreadsheet is published, replacing the previous version entirely. Each version of the spreadsheet reflects only the active agreements at the time of publishing. There is no changelog, no historical archive, and no unique identifiers for individual agreements. Basically, ICE publishes this data in a way that strips it of lots of otherwise helpful metadata.

Counting to 1,414 Is Harder Than It Seems by Andrew Thrasher

Or: 'Todd and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad ICE Data'

Read on Substack

How do we process ICE's data?

This report reflects a processed version of the original spreadsheet data from ICE. This includes:

– fixing typographic errors;
– identifying and editing verifiable discrepancies in agency + jurisdiction names;
– removing errant whitespaces;
– blending in population + location data for jurisdictions (see 'Other data sources');
– addressing other verifiable data entry issues.
For example: An incorrect 'Signed Date' for an agreement with the Ottawa County Sheriff's Office in Oklahoma.
While ICE's published list continues to list a signature date of February 23, 2025, the agreement was actually signed on February 23, as confirmed in the corresponding Memorandum of Agreement published by ICE.

Other data sources

Location

For each active agreement, we add a 'Location' using publicly-sourced address data — from the corresponding agency's official website whenever possible — in the format '[City] [State Abbreviation] [ZIP Code]' to align with geographic mapping syntax in Google Data Studio.

Estimated population

The 'Estimated Population' field is pulled for each agreement based on the agency's corresponding jurisdiction, and comes from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) 2024 data.
Note: When a participating agency's authority is limited to a specific portion of a larger jurisdiction, this report defaults to a 'null' value in the Population Estimate unless the district-level jurisdiction (and population) is otherwise verifiable. This also applies as a default for township- and borough-level police departments in the report.

Arrest data

The government data used in the "287(g)-related arrest" analysis section of the report was provided to (and processed by) the Deportation Data Project by ICE in response to a FOIA request. It covers 713,464 'Administrative Arrests' recorded by the agency between October 01, 2022 and March 10, 2026.

For the purposes of this report and analysis, '287(g)-related arrests' includes the 29,500 records in this dataset tagged with at least one label indicating the arrest was connected with the 287(g) program:

Apprehension method’ = “287(g) program”
Final program’ = “287G Program” or “287g Task Force”
'Operation’ = “HQ Tracking of Processing done by 287(g) authorized State & Local LEAs”
Administrative Arrest: Includes a unique record for “every time ICE arrests someone, whether or not that arrest results in a decision to detain the person.”

How does the report work?

We use Google Data Studio (previously known as Looker Studio) to host the report. Our processed and enriched dataset syncs directly into Data Studio, helping to ensure accurate, consistent + timely data across each chart, map, etc. in the report.

You can learn more about Data Studio via this user guide, or through this short training, which is part of a longer course from Google on 'data journalism').
Note on Google: While our report is currently hosted on Data Studio, Google has shown a growing affinity for cooperating with the federal government's weaponized surveillance and illegal overreach campaign, which continues to target members of the media, advocacy groups and demonstrators, politicians, and vulnerable communities across the U.S. (and across the globe). With that said, we use Google reluctantly — and with an eye toward hosting this report on a tool more aligned with our expectations for reliable, trustworthy product vendors.

The Policy + Law

What is the 287(g) program?

Section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act gives Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) the authority to enter into partnership agreements with state and local law enforcement agencies, effectively deputizing certain officers in participating agencies to perform certain immigration enforcement functions.

There are three (3) models of the program, each with varying degrees of delegated authority, expectations, and liabilities — and incentives for partipating agencies. And agreements can be signed by law enforcement agencies across three (3) levels of government:

County agencies (like sheriffs' and district attorneys' offices)
Municipal agencies (like local police departments and university campus police)
State agencies (like state police/highway patrols and prisons)

The program has expanded rapidly since January 2025, growing from 135 active agreements to 2,019 as of late June 2026.
Learn More

What are the different 287(g) agreement models?

There are three (3) versions of the 287(g) program:

Jail Enforcement Model (JEM):
Designated officers in a local jail, state prison, etc. screen arrested individuals against federal immigration databases upon book-in at the facility.

Warrant Service Officer (WSO):
Designated officers are authorized to execute existing administrative warrants issued by ICE.

Task Force Model (TFM):
The most expansive version, in which participating officers are effectively deputized to enforce federal immigration law in the course of their normal police work. Task Force officers can question and arrest individuals for suspected violations of civil immigration law during routine law enforcement activity, after a short online training from ICE.

The Task Force Model was previously halted in 2012 due to racial profiling concerns, but was reactivated shortly after the January 2025 presidential inauguration, and has seen rapid adoption (particularly among municipal agencies) since. As of June 24, 2026, there are 1,317 Task Force Model agreements — representing a large majority (65.8%) of total active agreements.
Learn More

Frequent Questions

What is the difference between # of agreements and # of agencies?

A  law enforcement agency can have up to three (3) agreements active at the same time, across the three program models. When this report shows the total number of agreements, that number will be higher than the number of unique participating agencies.

For example: the 1,770 active agreements on April 30, 2026 correspond to 1,493 unique agencies.

Both figures are meaningful. The total number of active agreements is helpful to understand the full scope of delegated immigration enforcement authority involved, while the number of agencies tells us the number of distinct law enforcement agencies (or 'LEAs')  involved in the program.

What are the (known) limitations of the data?

ICE’s 287(g) active agreement data is a released as a snapshot — when agreements are added or removed, the updates are published as a completely new version of the Excel spreadsheet, available for download on the program landing page. This means each version of the spreadsheet lists the agreements active on the date it was published. There is no historical archive, so the ability to track changes requires reconstructing this metadata from saved snapshots.

We use a composite key (state + agency name + agreement type + signature date) to track agreements, but this is admittedly fragile. For example: when ICE corrects a typo in the agency name, there is no record of those changes on the published list, and our composite key is 'broken'.

Tracking for canceled agreements is only available for those removed from ICE's published list since December 8, 2025, as it requires intentional tracking to identify deleted rows from previous versions of the official list.

Some municipality population values may show as "NOT FOUND", where Census ACS data can't be reliably matched, or the jurisdiction covered by the agreement is not clear. This is the case for almost all of the Constable Officers participating (primarily in Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Texas), which typically cover a segment of the larger county (and, therefore, listed by ICE as municipal-level agreements).

Historically, ICE has also over-counted the number of agreements by including the header row in their sum totals, and other typographical and data entry errors are common.

Media References + Citations

Questions or requests?
Email me
Screenshot of The New York Times article headline banner: "ICE Wants Local Police to Enforce Immigration Law. These Officers Signed Up."
The New York Times
ICE wants local police to enforce immigration law. These officers signed up.
"Researchers estimate that the share of people detained through any type of 287(g) program rose to about 10 percent in January, up from about 3 percent a year before."
Allison McCann
June 12, 2026
Read Here
Decorative image for Austin Kocher Substack newsletter's weekly "This Week by the {Immigration} Numbers"
Austin Kocher (Substack)
This Week by the {Immigration} Numbers
"As of June 12, ICE listed 1,954 active 287(g) agreements across 39 states and two U.S. territories, according to the tracker Andrew Thrasher maintains from ICE’s own published data."
Austin Kocher
June 13, 2026
Read Here
Photo of U.S. Representatives Delia Ramirez (IL) and Chuy Garcia (IL) at a Congressional shadow hearing on ICE's 287(g) program, with a poster board behind them titled "287(g) agreements by state"
U.S. House of Representatives
'Deputized for Disaster' shadow oversight hearing (House Dems)
"Yesterday, U.S. Representatives Delia Ramirez (IL) and Sylvia Garcia (TX), joined by a number of Democratic House colleagues, hosted a shadow hearing on the 287(g) program."
May 15, 2026
Learn More
Screenshot of quote image from Substack newsletter article titled "As Trump Officials Vow Deportation Surge, Searches for Detention Space" by Michael Wriston (Project Salt Box) 

Quote text: "That expansion has accelerated under President Donald Trump’s second term. A dashboard maintained by Andrew Thrasher and sourced from primary ICE data, shows 1,786 active 287(g) agreements with 1,506 agencies across 39 states as of May 5. In the previous 30 days, 160 new agreements were signed, a 19.4 percent increase over the prior period. In the previous 90 days, 429 were added, a 78 percent increase. Texas leads all states with 380 agreements across 309 agencies; Florida has 346 agreements across 282."
Project Salt Box
As Trump Officials Vow Deportation Surge, ICE Searches for Detention Space
"That expansion has accelerated under President Donald Trump’s second term. A dashboard maintained by Andrew Thrasher and sourced from primary ICE data, shows 1,786 active 287(g) agreements with 1,506 agencies across 39 states as of May 5."
Michael Wriston
May 6, 2026
Read Here
Screenshot of article headline and hero image (of a commercial jet parked at an airport gate, with the lens perspective through a chained-link fence nearby.
Poynter Institute
More immigration data is available than ever. Journalists should proceed with caution.
"Andrew Thrasher built a page and a map to show where 287(g) agreements are in place. This independent web tool allows users to sort the state and local law enforcement agencies that have signed 287(g) agreements with ICE and to highlight the ones with the highest level of cooperation, the Task Force Model."
Jon Greenberg
April 29, 2026
Read Here
Screenshot of quoted section from Austin Kocher's Substack newsletter article titled "Trump's Deportation Machine is Getting a Reality Check"
Austin Kocher (Substack)
Trump’s Deportation Machine is Getting a Reality Check
"For readers who want to track the total number of active 287(g) agreements across the country, Andrew Thrasher’s Maxwell Commons maintains the most comprehensive and regularly updated count available. I sat down with Andrew recently to dig into why this data is so much harder to work with than it looks."
Austin Kocher
April 02, 2026
Read Here
Screenshot of KOSU (NPR Oklahoma) headline and image (of Caney Valley Public Schools building) for article titled "Oklahoma school district hoped for training, almost agreed to a partnership with ICE instead" by Lionel Ramos (March 23, 2026)
KOSU (NPR Oklahoma Affiliate)
Oklahoma school district hoped for training, almost agreed to a partnership with ICE instead
"Still, the mix-up briefly placed his school district on the list of contracted law enforcement agencies ICE keeps online, causing a stir among advocates and researchers, all without the district's school board knowing."
Lionel Ramos
March 23, 2026
Read Here
Screenshot of banner image (of Caney Valley school building) and headline for Oklahoma Watch article "Oklahoma School District at Center of First-in-Nation ICE Agreement Controversy Denies Signing Anything" (Ben Fenwick, March 19, 2026)
Oklahoma Watch
Oklahoma school district at center of first-in-nation ICE agreement controversy denies signing anything
"The ICE agreement, no longer available on the federal agency’s website, was first presented by concerned immigration activists Austin Kocher, a professor at Syracuse University, and Andrew Thrasher, an activist concerned about the justice system’s treatment of immigrants. Thrasher provided ICE’s spreadsheet to Oklahoma Watch."
Ben Fenwick
March 19, 2026
Read Here
Screenshot from 'Statement of Support' from the North Star Alliance, for Minnesota Senate File 4176 (the "STAR Act") dated March 17, 2026.
Minnesota State Legislature
Statements of Support for MN SF 4176 + HF 3413 from North STAR Alliance
"The Maxwell Commons Substack, authored by immigration legal system analyst Andrew Thrasher, provides a comprehensive overview of various agreements in different states based on publicly available data. We commend the site to legislators for a visual understanding of the scope of 287(g) agreements."
North STAR Alliance
March 17, 2026
Read Here
Screenshot of article headline and banner image (an illustration from Neil Nakahodo) of a sheriff and ICE agent, as identified by their vests, holding a handcuffed suspect by his arms and walking away from our perspective).

Article title: "76 Kansas & Missouri law enforcement agencies arrest people for ICE under Trump"

Author: Eleanor Nash (March 12, 2026)
The Kansas City Star
76 Kansas & Missouri law enforcement agencies arrest people for ICE under Trump
"Agencies in Kansas and Missouri also have agreements under the jail enforcement and warrant service officer models, where in jails, officers can serve immigration warrants and question detainees about their immigration status. However, the task force model is the most controversial and fastest-growing type of the three."
Eleanor Nash
March 12, 2026
Read Here
Screenshot of article title and logos for KyPolicy (Kentucky Center for Economic Policy) and Immigration Research Initiative.
Immigration Research Initiative + KyPolicy
The Economic and Fiscal Impacts of Mass Deportation: What’s at risk in Kentucky
"(...) a growing number of local law enforcement agencies are signing 287(g) agreements — which several bills in the 2026 Kentucky General Assembly proposed to make mandatory — and local jails are renting beds to ICE. There are currently 36 local law enforcement agencies in Kentucky with 287(g) agreements and 11 local jails that have immigrant detention contracts."
D. Kallick, S. Settle, D. Pugel and A. Spalding
March 2026
Read Here
Screenshot from SSRN showing paper title, author, and abstract for "Protection as Punishment: Victim Relief in the Crimmigration State" by Erika Nyborg-Burch (Florida State University College of Law), Written March 06, 2026.

https://ssrn.com/abstract=6360838
California Law Review
(forthcoming 2027)
Protection as Punishment: Victim relief in the crimmigration state
"Many states and localities have also redirected additional lawenforcement resources towards immigration enforcement. State and local agencies are formalizing their roles as frontline immigration enforcers, with the number of 287g agreements growing nearly ten-fold across 2025."
Erika Nyborg-Burch
March 6, 2026
Read Here
Screenshot of article from Migration Policy Institute from February 2026 headlined "Escalation of ICE Operations Emboldens State and Local Lawmakers to Constrain Its Operations"
Migration Policy Institute
Escalation of ICE operations emboldens state and local lawmakers to constrain its operations
"The number of these agreements increased from 135 in January 2025, when Trump took office, to 1,427 as of February 20, 2026. In 18 states that did not have these agreements before the start of Trump’s second term, local law enforcement agencies have since signed up, and at least eight states have moved to require localities’ participation."
Muzaffar Chishti, Kathleen Bush-Joseph
February 26, 2026
Read Here

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Cover page for ACLU Research Report "Deputized for Disaster: How President Trump’s 287(g)
Deportation Force is a Powder Keg
for our Communities" (February 2026)
Deputized for Disaster
How President Trump's 287(g) deportation force is a powder keg for our communities
ACLU
February 2026
Read Here
Background image for Immigrant Legal Resource Center's report "Immigration Dragnet: The New Era of 287(g)" showing an orange butterfly caught in a spider web (with part of the spider visible in the top-left corner of the image). In the top right is the ILRC logo.
Immigration Dragnet
The New Era of 287(g)
Immigrant Legal Resource Center (ILRC)
July 2025
Read Here
Screenshot of PoliMetrics 287(g) adoption risk calculator, with a large county-level filled area map with colors indicating whether a county is participating in the program. On the right side of the screen is a risk profile.
287(g) Adoption Risk Calculator
Policy diffusion analysis + risk calculator
built by Dallin Overstreet (PoliMetrics) and Morgan Harman (Alt-30) as a companion to Overstreet's underlying academic paper.
PoliMetrics
Learn More
Screenshot of first page of "Immigration Detainers: An Overview" fact sheet pdf from the American Immigration Council (published May 2026)
Immigration Detainers Fact Sheet
"When federal immigration agents want to assume custody of a person held by local law enforcement, a request called an immigration detainer—sometimes referred to as an “immigration hold”—plays a key role in the exchange."
American Immigration Council (AIC)
May 2026
Read Here
Screenshot from Substack Video page showing Austin Kocher and Andrew Thrasher on separate video feeds in the middle of a conversation. 

To the right of the video display is the running English transcript.

Below this reads the video title "Digging into ICE's messy 287(g) data w/ Andrew Thrasher" posted by Austin Kocher on February 27, 2026.
Digging Into ICE's Messy 287(g) Data
Austin Kocher (Associate Professor @ Syracuse University) and Andrew Thrasher walk through how ICE publishes its 287(g) program data, what is included (and what isn't), and what this all means for public accountability.
Substack Video
February 2026
Watch Here
Screenshot of 'Force Multiplier' report from FWD.us (February 2026)

https://www.fwd.us/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/287g.pdf
Force Multiplier
How ICE is Promising Billions to Local Law Enforcement to Expand Its Reach in Dangerous Ways
FWD.us
February 2026
Read Here
How Local Law Enforcement Collaborates With ICE
From the Posse Comitatus newsletter from Jessica Pishko, author of 'The Highest Law in the Land', on the power of sheriffs in the U.S. and the 'constitutional sheriff' movement in law enforcement.
Jessica Pishko
February 2026
Read Here